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Cell biology

Cellular division

Family of proteins

Active transport

Cellular molecule transport mechanism against the concentration gradient

Programmed cell death in multicellular organisms

Dephosphorylation enzyme

Cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm

Biochemical cascade

Series of chemical reactions resulting in a cell response

Basic unit of many life forms

Scientific discipline that studies cells

Academic journal

Biological processes that result in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell

Multiprotein complex that forms a point of contact or adhesion in animal cells

Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment

Eukaryotic membrane-bounded organelle containing DNA

System of communication

Outermost layer of some cells

Cellular differentiation

Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell

Cellular respiration

Metabolic reactions in the cells of organisms converting chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) while releasing waste byproducts.

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that produces cilia and organizes the mitotic spindle

Plant organelle that conducts photosynthesis

Chloroplast DNA

DNA located in cellular organelles called chloroplasts

Complex of DNA and protein

DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell

Organelle found on eukaryotic cells

Citric acid cycle

Metabolic pathway

Broad and loose category of small proteins important in cell signaling

All of the contents of a eukaryotic cell except the nucleus

Network of filamentous proteins that forms the internal framework of cells

Liquid found in cells

Electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.

Embryonic stem cell

Pluripotent stem cell of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst

Cellular process

Endomembrane system

Membranes in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Endoplasmic reticulum

Irregular network of membranes coterminous with the outer nuclear membrane in eukaryote cytoplasm that form a meshwork of tubular channels, often expanded into cisternae

Process of active transport by which a cell secretes intracellular molecules contained within a membrane-bound vesicle

Facilitated diffusion

Biological process

Anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds

Fission (biology)

Biological process

Cellular appendage functioning as locomotive or sensory organelle

G protein-coupled receptor

Class of cell surface receptors coupled to G-protein-associated intracellular signaling

Metabolic pathway

Golgi apparatus

Hematopoietic stem cell

Stem cells that give rise to other blood cells

Ligand (biochemistry)

Substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule

A thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules

Type of cell division in sexually-reproducing organisms used to produce gametes

Membrane potential

Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell

Membrane protein

Proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes.

Membrane transport

Collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes through biological membranes

Filament in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Polymer of tubulin that forms part of the cytoskeleton

Mitochondrial DNA

DNA located in cellular organelles called mitochondria

Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration

The division of a cell nucleus in which the genome is copied and separated into two identical halves

Superfamily of motor proteins

Unprogrammed cell death caused by external cell injury

Nuclear envelope

Membrane part of the nuclear envelope

Largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Specialized subunit within a cell

Passive transport

Membrane transport that occurs down an electrochemical gradient and does not require energy

Type of organelle

Small DNA molecule within a cell

Fine cytoplasmic channel in higher plants that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell

Programmed cell death

Death of a cell mediated by intracellular program, often as part of development

Protein complexes which degrade unnecessary or damaged proteins by proteolysis

Protein targeting

The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles, usually requiring an organelle-specific protein sequence motif

Receptor (biochemistry)

Protein molecule receiving signals for a cell

Synthesizes proteins in cells

Second messenger system

System of signaling molecules within a cell

Signal transduction

Cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell

Any biological cell forming the body of an organism

Undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells

Evolutionary theory holding that eukaryotic organelles evolved through symbiosis with prokaryotes

Academic journal

Part of a plant

Membrane-bound organelle in cells containing fluid

Vesicle (biology and chemistry)

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by a membrane